Course No. 204: Introduction to Linguistics

Introduction: Definition of Language & Linguistic

A: Basic Concepts

• Saussure's concepts:

1.  Synchronic
2. Diachronic
3.  Syntagmatic
4. Paradigmatic
5. Langue
6. Parole
7. Signifire
8. Signified

• Bloomfield  
  1. American Structuraliasm

• Chomsky

1. Competence
2. Performance
   

• Halliday

1. Social Context and Linguist

B: Basic Concepts

• Phonetics & Phonology

           a. Organs of Speech

           b. Syllables

           c. Vowels and Consonants 

           d. classification of Consonants & Vowels: Cardinal Vowel System

           e. Weak Forms

           f. Stress & Intonation

• Morphology

          a. Affixes

          b. Morpheme

          c. Allomorphrs

         d. Bloomfield & the Bloomfielians

• Syntax

        a. IC Analysis
        b. PS Grammar & Transformational
        c. Generative Grammar

• Semantics

        a. Words
        b. Meaning
        c. Semantic
        d. Field Theory: Seven Types of Meaning
        e. Semantic Relations: Hyponymy, Synonymy, Polyphony

• Discourse Analysis

       a. Transitional & Ineractional Functions of Language
       b. Sentences vs. Utterances
       c. Features of Spoken Language
       d. Discoursal Features
       e. Speech Acts and Conversational Analysis